Private Companies Start Building VPO Rental Homes Due to Lack of Public Resources

11 June 2019 – Idealista

Housing and the need for public-private partnerships to build affordable homes was one of the hot topics during the recent election campaigns. But the reality is that the public administrations do not have the resources to fund any substantial residential programs.

In addition, Spain has traditionally been a country of homeowners and so most of the few affordable homes that the state has been building have been sold rather than put up for rent. This represents a major problem for the growing population of renters in the country, which some estimate currently account for 23% of total demand, compared with the European average of 34%. The Bank of Spain’s official figure for 2017 was 16%. Regardless, private companies are entering the market to fill the gap.

One such example is Azora, which has been managing social housing for rent since 2004 through its fund Lazora. It estimates that Spain needs 2.5 million mostly affordable rental homes to bring it in line with the European average. That would require an investment of approximately €300 billion over the next few years, a mammoth figure.

Azora actually sold its Lazora portfolio, containing almost 7,000 homes (private and social) to CBRE and Madison in 2018. They committed to continue investing capital in the sector and have already committed more than €200 million in various projects to build 1,200 more homes.

Azora still manages almost 14,000 social and private rental homes across the country and has recently been joined in the sector by the property developer AQ Acentor, the real estate arm of the German fund Aquila Capital. Specifically, AQ Acentor is planning to build 1,450 VPO rental homes in Villaverde, Barcelona, Valencia and Málaga. The numbers are not huge but they will go some way to plugging the gap.

Meanwhile, in the public sector, according to data from the Ministry of Development, 5,167 VPO homes were built in 2018, of which just 353 (6.8%) were dedicated to rental. In 2017, 4,938 VPO homes were constructed, the lowest absolute number since records began, of which 355 (7.1%) were dedicated to rental. Madrid accounted for most of the new VPO homes in 2018 (2,418, of which just 78 were dedicated to rental).

Azora considers that more institutional investment is required to make up for the housing deficit and that “to attract such capital, we need solutions and policies that promote and facilitate the construction of new rental homes”. It remains to be seen whether the politicians can put their ideological differences aside and come up with a clear and consensual housing policy for the benefit of the country at large.

Original story: Idealista (by P. Martínez-Ameida & Ana P. Alarcos)

Translation/Summary: Carmel Drake

Junta de Andalucía Puts 33,000 m2 of Land Up For Sale in Córdoba

4 February 2018 – La Vanguardia

The Junta de Andalucía’s Ministry of Development and Housing has launched its first regional land sale of the year in the province of Córdoba, comprising 15 residential and industrial plots, which span 32,989 m2 in total and with an asking price of €5.8 million.

In this regard and in statements to Europa Press, the delegate for Housing and Development at the Junta in Córdoba, Josefina Vioque, said that “with this initiative, we are continuing our strategy of selling some of the land owned by the Agency for Housing and Rehabilitation in Andalucía (AVRA), which obtained such good results in 2017, with the award of almost 22,000 m2”.

The objective, according to Vioque, is “to generate revenues that allow us to strengthen the promotion of our activities of a social nature in terms of housing, especially the promotion of subsidised housing”.

This new tender for the sale of regional land includes seven plots classified as industrial and tertiary, measuring 10,871 m2, and eight units classified as residential, with capacity for 238 homes.

Of the latter, four are reserved for the construction of 188 social housing properties, on a surface area of 17,374 m2, whilst the other four, spanning 4,743 m2, have capacity for 50 private homes.

According to the delegate, the industrial plots are located in the municipalities of Adamuz, Cabra, El Carpio and Córdoba, whilst the social housing plots are located in the provincial capital and in Rute, and the private housing plots are also located in the capital and in the municipality of Obejo.

The tender, which will be open for the presentation of proposals until 1 March, and which will be resolved after the envelopes are opened, scheduled for 12 March, at AVRA’s central headquarters in Sevilla, also includes nine retail premises and 19 parking spaces in Córdoba, Lucena and Rute.

According to Vioque, “the drive to manage AVRA’s owned properties has become a priority since the start of this legislature, give our aim to put these assets on the market at the service of business initiatives, to promote economic development and the generation of employment in the construction sector, one of the hardest hit during the crisis”.

Josefina Vioque said that “with this initiative, the Junta also seeks to reactivate the construction of VPO homes, to facilitate access to housing for families in most need, since these operations are going to allow us to resume, once again, the promotion of these types of subsidised homes, which are more affordable for people with fewer resources”.

Land sold in 2017

This tender follows others carried out during 2017, which saw the award of a total surface area of 21,946 m2  and the generation of revenues amounting to €6 million (…).

Original story: La Vanguardia

Translation: Carmel Drake

Landlords Demand Revival Of Express Evictions For Rental Homes

6 December 2016 – Cinco Días

The u-turn made by Mariano Rajoy’s first Government regarding housing policy was accompanied by several draft legislative changes. In this way, in 2012 the Ministry of Development decided to stop financing the construction of subsidised homes (VPO) for ownership, to focus instead on boosting the rental sector (Spain is one of the countries with the lowest percentage of households living in rental properties in Europe) and the renovation of homes.

To this end, in 2013, it undertook a comprehensive reform of the Urban Leasing Law (LAU), which provided for the speeding up of the periods for processing evictions, amongst other things, with the aim of making it possible for owners to recover their homes sooner once judges order tenants to leave properties due to non-payment.

Nevertheless, in the opinion of some operators in the sector, the results, more than three years later, are quite disappointing given that the processes that culminate in the eviction of delinquent tenants are still taking between eight and nine months on average. That is now the main concern for many landlords.

“In a market in which demand clearly exceeds supply, the most urgent thing is to provide more legal security for the owners of homes that are susceptible to being rented out and to implement new incentives that favour both landlords and tenants who fulfil all their obligations”, said David Caraballa, Commercial Director at the brokerage company Alquiler Seguro.

In this sense, that company is demanding three specific measures: the approval of new incentives for leasing in the form of IPRF exemptions; the regulation of tourist rentals; and the creation of specific courts to handle cases involving non-payments and evictions.

In the case of tax incentives, Alquiler Seguro explains that during the last legislature, not only were incentives increased to encourage more owners to lease their properties, but also the fiscal pressures that they have to bear have increased, given that some of the benefits that they used to enjoy (such as from leasing homes to people younger than 35 years old) have disappeared. In this regard, they consider that it is very important that these exemptions be recovered and that progress be made in this vein so that leasing a home is attractive from a tax point of view, like acquiring a property used to be.

The second aspect that requires urgent reform, in Alquiler Seguro’s opinion, is the tourist rental sector. “There is a legal vacuum and a disparity in the rules between those autonomous regions that have decided to introduce regulations, which means that we have clients who admit that it is more profitable for them to rent their properties to tourists than as regular homes”, explained Caraballo. In this sense, the firm is in favour of emulating actions such as the one carried out in New York, where the minimum period for renting a tourist flat has now been set at one month.

In terms of the third aspect, Sergio Lusilla, Managing Partner at Pluslegal Abogados, says that although the timeframes for resolving evictions have been reduced (before the reform of the LAU such cases could take more than two years), the current average of 8-9 months could be reduced to just three with an increase in human resources dedicated to the activity.

“I think that a term of three months would be reasonable for both parties. On the one hand, the owner would recover his home without having to wait as long to put it up for rent again, and, on the other hand, it would give social services sufficient time to analyse the case of the tenant who is unable to pay the rent and take a decision in that regard”, said Lusilla.

Original story: Cinco Días (by Raquel Díaz Guijarro)

Translation: Carmel Drake

Operación Chamartín: The Plot Thickens

30 September 2015 – El Confidencial

The small print of the agreements signed between the Government and the developers of Operación Chamartín, BBVA and San José, includes an important payment in kind that has gone undetected until now. A payment that will convert the Ministry of Development into one of the largest landowners of this development.

And so, not only will the company formerly known as Duch, now Distrito Castellana Norte, have to pay €1,240 million in cash to acquire the land (covering an area of almost 2 million m2) currently owned by Adif, it will also have to make a payment in kind, involving the transfer of urbanised land with buildability of 100,000 m2 for residential use.

This payment forms part of the principles of the agreement signed on 22 January between Duch and the public entities Adif, Renfe Operadora and Adif-Alta Velocidad, the owners of the land where the majority of Operación Chamartín is expected to be constructed and, therefore the main beneficiaries of this urban planning project.

Specifically, when this development, whose official sign off has so far been delayed for more than two decades, was reactivated at the beginning of the year, the economic agreement was structured around three pillars: the payment of a cash fee amounting to €984 million, the payment of interest linked to this expenditure over the next two decades (which takes the total amount of the cash payment to the aforementioned figure of €1,240 million), and the payment in kind in the form of plots of land.

But the public administrations’ role as landowner goes much further than that, given that the land that the Ministry of Development will take control of will be added to the plots (covering an area of almost 600,000 m2) that will correspond to the Town Hall of Madrid.

The Local Government, led by Manuela Carmena (who has the ultimate power to unblock this development) is set to become the second largest landowner, as a result of the sum of: the space (165,000 m2) it currently owns in the area; the area (150,000 m2) that houses the EMT’s garages in Fuencarral; and the land (300,000 m2) that corresponds to it from the transfer of 10% of the land from the developers, as required by legislation.

Sell or develop

At the current market price of €1,000 /m2, the value of the plots of land owned by the Town Hall could amount to around €600 million, whilst the land owned by Adif could be worth around €100 million.

In both cases, the public administrations have the ability to benefit from their roles as landowners to develop social housing on the Operación Chamartín site itself or to make profits to return to society.

And one of the main attacks launched against the developers of this site has been they are simply seeking to “strike it rich”, criticism that has been fuelled by the fact that the development is located in the north of the capital, an area traditionally regarded as very wealthy, and because the original plans include just 10% of social housing.

The reason why it looks like the people responsible for Distrito Castellana Norte are planning to construct so few VPO homes is partly because these calculations do not include the uses that the public administrations will make of all of their plots of land. Therefore, it is up to Carmena and Adif to increase the volume of social housing in this development.

Between the two of them, they own more than 20% of the total surface area (3.1 million m2) that makes up the Operación Chamartín site.

Original story: El Confidencial (by Ruth Ugalde)

Translation: Carmel Drake

Ministry Of Development: 100,000+ Homes Sold In Q2 2015

25 September 2015 – Cinco Días

Improved access to credit and the increase in employment have been spurring on house sales for almost a year now and the upwards trend continued in the second quarter of the year. In fact, more homes are now being sold than a year ago in 14 of the 17 autonomous regions, when just a few months ago, the increase was being observed in just half of the country. And for the first time in five years, more than 100,000 homes were sold in one quarter, a figure not seen since 2010. (…).

A shortage of new homes

The numbers published yesterday by the Ministry of Development showed that house sales grew by 13.9% during the second quarter of the year compared with the same period in 2014. In total, 104,530 house sales were recorded, the best quarter since 2010, thanks primarily to the boost in the market for second hand homes and the activity in large cities.

By type, 91,499 second hand homes were sold between April and June, an increase of 22.6% with respect to a year earlier. But the most significant result is that second hand properties accounted for 87.5% of the total market in Q2 2015 – the segment continues to gain weight quarter after quarter, as the number of unsold properties in new developments dries up. In fact, the purchase of newly constructed homes increased by just 2.5% YoY in Q2 2015, to 13,031 properties, a volume equivalent to just 12.5% of the total number of transactions closed during the quarter. Nevertheless, it is worth remembering that the classification between new and second hand homes is clouded by the fact that many of the latter are actually new; they are classified as second hand because they come from developments that were included in real estate portfolios owned by banks or Sareb (and were finished more than two years ago). (…).

The other revelation disclosed by the Ministry of Development’s statistics relates to the classification of unsubsidised homes versus VPOs, which confirms the trend that has been observed in recent quarters: increasingly fewer VPO homes were sold in Q2 2015 for two reasons. The first is that the Government’s most recent housing plan tightened the conditions whereby individuals can sell those kinds of homes and the second is because no new VPO developments have been initiated since 2012, since the Executive of the PP has been more focused on (the promotion of) rental housing and renovations. Evidence of all of this is that only 4,590 VPO homes were sold between April and June, i.e. VPOs accounted for just 4.4% of all operations.

By autonomous community, house sales increased in 14 regions, led by La Rioja, where the volume of activity shot up by 44.2%, the Balearic Islands (+30.1%) and Cantabria (+29.4%). At the opposite end of the spectrum, a YoY decrease in house sales was recorded in 3 regions: Navarra (-14.7%), Extremadura (-1.5%) and País Vasco (-0.6%).

Another one of the findings from these statistics is that a few large capital cities behaved like hotspots in the market. Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia were the cities in which the most homes were sold between April and June, with 8,252 homes, 3,590 homes and 1,975 homes sold, respectively.

The housing market also recorded a positive result when we look at the figures for the last twelve months (July 2014 – June 2015), with 382,471 house changing owners, an increase of 13.3% compared with the previous twelve months (July 2013 – June 2014). In terms of the nationality of purchasers, the statistics reveal that foreigners bought 17.7% of all homes sold during the quarter.

Specifically, foreigners residing in the country acquired 17,307 homes, an increase of 17.2%, whilst operations closed by non-resident foreigners amounted to 1,244, up by 5% compared with the same period last year.

The provinces in which foreigners purchased most homes were Alicante (4,141), Málaga (2,517), Barcelona (1,470) and Madrid (1,173).

Original story: Cinco Días (by Raquel Díaz Guijarro)

Translation: Carmel Drake

Strong Recovery In Madrid’s Market For New Homes

14 July 2015 – Cinco Días

The lack of new housing developments in Madrid in recent years means that the few blocks that have been built are being sold quickly, as the economic environment improves. So much so that the marketing company Foro Consultores has conducted the first comprehensive study of the new build segment, which not only estimates the size of the stock of new homes in the capital, it also calculates when that stock may be depleted if the current strong rate of sales continues.

The study, based on visits to all of the developments currently for sale and simulations of purchases or direct surveys at the sites, has focused on analysing the existing supply in new urban developments (Arroyo del Fresno, Montecarmelo, Las Tablas, Sanchinarro, Valdebebas, El Cañaveral, El Ensanche de Vallecas and Carabanchel), since those are the areas where the new builds are concentrated. Whole new buildings are the exception rather than the rule in the city centre and in the city’s more established neighbourhoods.

Foro Consultores begins its report by highlighting the number of new homes: currently the stock of new homes available for sale in Madrid amounts to 1,770, of which 781 are “free” and 989 are social housing (VPO) homes. That figure represents just 20% of the total number of buildings that have started to be built since 2010. Moreover, we are talking about very small numbers if we take into account that the study has analysed 102 developments in total, containing 4,001 “free” homes and 3,861 social housing homes, almost 8,000 homes, which came onto the market in recent years as turnkey properties or homes sold off-plan.

4.1 homes sold per development per month

The uptake of homes by region is not uniform. More than half of the new homes built in El Cañaveral, in the south of the city – the last development to get underway – have not yet been sold. Meanwhile, in other new neighbourhoods, such as Montecarmelo, less than 5% of the new homes or those under construction remain unsold. Furthermore, in Ensanche de Vallecas in 2007, there were almost 3,000 unsubsidised new homes for sale, but now there are just 166 left.

As well as the scarcity of supply due to the construction paralysis in recent years, one of the keys that explains the fast absorption of the stock is the acceleration in the rate of sales in recent months. Foro Consultores estimates that if no new developments come onto the market, then the excess would be depleted in just six months, at the current sales rate of 4.1 homes per development per month.

The study highlights that these 4.1 homes sold (per development per month) represents the sale of 5.3% of developments every 30 days, an average rhythm that has not been seen since 2003, and for unsubsidised housing, that figure is almost 5 homes per development per month, whereas during the crisis, it never exceeded one unit per month.

The study also shows that 79% of the developments on the market were started between 2010 and 2015, and of those 77% have already been sold.

In terms of prices, the report also highlights that in certain developments in El Cañaveral, the price of unsubsidised homes is lower than the price of VPO homes, which is not very typical in Madrid. “This shows that the social housing pricing model is out of synch with the market and that the promoters of unsubsidised homes have adapted better to the changes in conditions”, explained Foro Consultores.

In the areas analysed, the absolute prices of unsubsidised homes ranges between €77,000 and €657,000, with an average price of €273,021. Meanwhile, the prices of VPO homes range between €38,474 and €382,652, with an average price of €150,721.

Finally, the study concludes that by type of home, three-bedroom houses are in most demand. Meanwhile, the construction of studios and small flats, which were so fashionable during the boom, is now reducing.

Original story: Cinco Días (by Raquel Díaz Guijarro)

Translation: Carmel Drake

High Court Repeals Andalucían Anti-Eviction Law

27 May 2015 – Expansión

The temporary expropriation by banks of homes in the process of eviction is unconstitutional. That was the ruling issued by the High Court (HC) following its in-depth analysis of the controversial decree law governing the Social Function of Housing, approved by the Government of Andalucía in June 2013, which was challenged by the Central Government.

Until the HC suspended this law, as a precautionary measure, 121 expropriation demands were filed, over a three-year period. The law was later reissued, although without any significant changes

According to the ruling, articles 1.3 and 53.1 of the regional law have been annulled. Previously, those articles imposed on the owner of houses “the duty to effectively use property for the residential purposes provided for by the law”, since the essential content of the rights of ownership pervade; an area “prohibited” for the decree law of the autonomous community. This law does not affect individuals.

For the same reason, the ruling issued by the HC declares the imposition of fines on financial entities that own uninhabited homes to be unconstitutional. To date, the Andalucían Government has imposed fines on various banks – including Popular for €5.8 million and BBVA for €1.6 million – for not putting empty subsidised (VPO) homes at the disposal of the municipal registries for claimants.

Encroachment of competencies

Alongside this ruling, the HC considers that the regional legislation deals with the state duties provided for by the Constitution, such as “coordinating the planning of economic activity”, whereby nullifying the second additional provision of the decree law “aimed at ensuring the right to adequate housing”.

The ruling also explains that “it constitutes a significant obstacle for the effectiveness of the measures taken by the central Government”, which issued legislation that provided for the possibility of suspending the introduction and promoting the creation of a social fund containing the properties owned by the entities to facilitate their lease to evicted persons.

In this sense, it is worth noting the agreement of disparate legal figures regarding the same reality – the suspension of the introduction of state legislation and the expropriation of the use under the regional legislation – “makes the joint application difficult”.

The HC also advises all of the regions that the State should determine “the extent of the public intervention” and indicate “certain guidelines in the mortgage market”, and should do so in such a way that “it is compatible with the proper functioning of that sector”.

As a result, this “prevents” the regions from “adopting provisions that affect this market in a more intense way”.

Original story: Expansión (by Lidia Velasco)

Translation: Carmel Drake